I have also yet to find two sources that use the same letters to denote the same color genes for all genes, so these may not be tagged with the same letters you find elsewhere. The names of different color patterns vary wildly, even from fur-farm to fur-farm, so the terminology here may be a bit different as well.
Section I: Wild-Type Morphs
In the wild, foxes can be grouped into three main colorations: Red, Silver, and Cross, and the grades between these. These colors also form the basis for almost all farmed morphs.
This is controlled by two genes the Agouti gene and the Black/Brown gene, tagged here as A and B.
AABB | Classic Red
This is your classic "fox and the hound" red fox. When you say "Red Fox", this is most likely the animal that comes to mind. Rich red coat, black socks and ears, white belly and tail tip.
AABb | Smoky Red
Overall, these are very similar to the Classic Red, only with a stripe of darker red or brown down their backs. Most also have more black hairs throughout the coat, giving it a smoky appearance. More pronounced black markings on the legs and belly are also common. The few examples of this I've seen IRL seem to have a lighter undercoat as well, but I'm only basing that off of the foxes that live in the local nature preserve, so this might not be an overall trend.
AaBB | Cross Fox
This is a much harder morph to describe, and is extremely variable. They have black feet, ears, tails, and underbellies, with vivid coloration along their sides ranging from butterscotch to dark orange depending on the individual. A broad black streak runs down their back, with more and more silvering as it reaches their hind legs. The face is usually grey or silvered.
AaBb | Blended Cross Fox
Like the Cross Fox, only darker in color. Black/Silver hair covers a greater percentage of the animal's body, and the red in the coat is usually (though not always) darker than in regular cross foxes.
aaBB | Light Silver
The undercoat is dark grey, but the guard hairs are white, giving a silvered or frosted appearance. The tail tip almost always remains white.
aaBb | Light Silver or Silver
The undercoat is dark grey or black, but the guard hairs are either white-tipped or entirely white, giving a silvered or frosted appearance. The tail tip almost always remains white.
AAbb | Silver
The undercoat is jet black, but the guard hairs are mostly white or entirely white, giving a silvered or frosted appearance. The tail tip almost always remains white.
Aabb | Dark Silver
The undercoat is jet black, but the guard-hairs are white tipped over some or all of the body, giving a silvered appearance. The tail tip almost always remains white.
aabb | Jet Black
Jet-black undercoat and jet-black guard hairs, few to none of the hairs are white-tipped, resulting in an almost entirely black animal. The tail tip almost always remains white. These are very rarely seen in the wild.
Section II: Domestic Morphs
The Ci Locus
Ci | Wild-type
ci | Cinnamon
Also known as "Chocolate" or "Burgundy", this mutation turns the base coat a very nice chocolaty brown color with just a hint of red. The silvering on the coat is unaffected, which in heavily-silvered animals can result in almost a lilac appearance.
The D Locus
This controls coat dilution.
D | Wild-type
d | Dilution
This dilutes the overall color of the coat. It will turn Red into "Fire And Ice", Cinnamon into Amber, Silver into Pearl, and Cross into Pearl Cross.
The S Locus
Sm | Marble
When the fox is homozygous for this trait, they are entirely white. However, when heterozygous, it acts as a co-dominant trait, creating a white fox with a few patches of the natural color are left around the eyes, ears, a stripe running down the back, and part of the tail. "Freckling" around the colored patches is common.
S | Whitemark/Platinum
"Whitemark" or "Platinum" is very similar to "irish white" in dogs. Usually the result is a white blaze down the face, a white collar, white belly, and white socks on the feet. "Freckling" around the colored patches is common.
s | Wild-type
The E locus
This affects eye color.
E | Wild-type
Eyes will range from brown to amber to yellow.
e | Pale blue
Similar to the "china eye" in some breeds of herding dog. Extremely rare, even in domestic stock.
Section III: Genetic Diseases and Disorders
Samson Fox Syndrome
Outwardly, a fox suffering from Samson Syndrome can be identified by the lack of guard-hairs on it's coat (similar to a "rex" cat), giving them a skinny, woolly appearance. Cubs suffering from Samson syndrome have a very high mortality rate, and grow much more slowly than normal cubs.
If a Samson fox does reach adulthood, they are noted for having an abnormally ravenous appetite. A Samson fox is always hungry, and they will eat anything from dung to carrion to satisfy their hunger. The adults are considered to be much less "fit" than a normal adult fox; they have a high mortality rate even in the relatively safe confines of captivity.
It is generally believed to be caused by a recessive genetic factor, which I'm arbitrarily assigning the tag-letter of "S" to. Please keep in mind that due to their reduced viability, this gene is very rare.
Sa | Wild-type
sa | Samson Syndrome
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