A Locus
This is the "agouti" locus.
Ay | Fawn
This gene creates a light fawn color.
Aw | Wild-type (AKA "Wolf Grey" or "Sable")
This is the wild-type color pattern seen in wolves and coyotes. In domestic dogs, this coloration is usually referred to as "sable".
asa | Hound Saddle
A tan-to-fawn base coat with a black saddle pattern. Common in Airedales and German Shepherds.
at | Black and Tan
This creates an overall black dog with tan to rust points on the nose, chest, paws, small points above the eyes, and occasionally the tail. This is the base coat pattern for both Dobermans and Rottweilers.
a | Recessive Black
This gene creates an entirely black dog. (This only accounts for the black color in certain breeds, like German Shepherds. Most breeds get their black coloration from the Dominant Black allele on the K Locus.)
B Locus
B | Wild-type "Black"
b | Brown
Instead of black pigment, the dog produces brown pigment instead. So if a dog is "Black and tan" on the agouti gene, this will modify them to be brown-and-tan. This gene also affects the color of the nose and pawpads, changing them from black to brown. Eyes will also be lightened to amber.
The dog in the picture below also has whitespotting; this is controlled by the S locus
E Locus
EM | Melanistic Mask
This causes the dog to have a black muzzle.
E | Wild-type
e | Red/Yellow
This inhibits the dog's ability to produce black or brown pigment, resulting in an animal that is entirely red or yellow in color.
D Locus
D | Wild-type Black
d | Grey/Blue
This dilutes the blacks in the coat to a dark grey or steel blue color. It also affects the color of the paw pads and nose, diluting them so that they can appear anything from pale grey to blue to almost black. Eye color is also affected, diluting it to amber or more greyish tones.
When the dog's genotype is "bbdd", the resulting color is a lilac shade:
K Locus
Kb | Dominant black
Produces a solid black animal.
kbr | Brindle
The dog will be brindled red and black, creating a striped pattern.
ky | Wild-type
M Locus
MM | Dangerous Merle
This produces the merle pattern on dogs (for more info, read below). However, dogs who are MM are also either deaf, eyeless, or sterile. To avoid these handicaps, merle dogs should never be bred to each other. The merle pattern is only expressed in dogs who are not "ee", but the handicaps remain regardless of other genetics.
Mm | Merle
This produces the merle pattern, which creates mottled patches of dark and light on the coat. It is only expressed in dogs who are not also "ee". This also effects nose and paw pad color, causing patches of pink to appear over the other color. (So a black merle dog will have a black nose with pink patches, a blue merle dog will have a blue nose with pink patches, etc.) Merling can also change one or both eyes to be pale blue.
mm | Wild-type
S Locus
This is a whitespotting gene
S | Wild-type
No whitespotting.
si | Irish Markings
The dog will have a white muzzle, white blaze up it's forehead, white collar, white feet, and white tail-tip. The belly is often white as well.
sp | Piebald
White markings will cover a greater portion of the dog's body, leaving colored patches on the body, head, and tail.
sw | Extreme Piebald
White markings cover almost the entire dog, leaving a few colored patches on the head and tail. This can sometimes affect eye color (like in all-white boxers), changing it from brown to blue. (In some cases, the dog may even be entirely white.)
H Locus
H | Harlequin
Causes the "harlequin" pattern. Only expressed in merle dogs.
h | Wild-type
G Locus
G | Progressive Greying
The puppy will be born with all of it's blacks intact, but as the dog ages they will fade. By the time it reaches adulthood, the black will have faded to grey, and as time goes on they will become lighter and lighter, eventually turning white.
g | Wild-type.
I Locus
This is the "inhibitor" locus. It inhibits the dog's ability to produce red pigment.
II | Wild-type. Intense red, not diluted.
Ii | Mild Dilution
The reds will be diluted to cream. Blacks will not be affected.
ii | Extreme Red Dilution
The reds will be diluted to a very pale cream, or white. Blacks will not be affected.
C Locus
C | Wild type.
ce | White
The dog will be entirely white. This affects both red and black pigment, creating an entirely white animal.
cb | Blue-eyed Albino
The dog will be entirely white, with a pink nose and paw pads, and very pale blue eyes. Will be susceptible to sunburn and have severe vision problems associated with albinism.
ca | True Albino
The dog will be entirely white, with a pink nose and paw pads, and pink eyes. Will be susceptible to sunburn and have severe vision problems associated with albinism.
T Locus
T | Ticked
On an animal with whitespotting, this gene causes small flecks of color to appear on the white portion of the coat.
t | Wild-type
L Locus
L | Smooth coat
The dog will have short, smooth fur.
l | Rough coat
The dog will have a rough, shaggy coat with long hair.
H2 Locus
H2H2 | Lethal gene
Pups with this genotype die shortly after conception, and are re-absorbed into the mother.
H2h2 | Hairless
h2h2 | Wild-type
W Locus
W | Wirehair
The coat will have a thick, wiry texture to it.
w | Wild-type
Cr Locus
Cr | Wild-type
cr | Curly
The coat will be curly
Hb Locus
Hb | Husky Blue
Eyes will be a sky blue color.
hb | Wild-type
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